Cinematic Textures: Film Music Cliches
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		'content' => '<ul><li><u><b>Abstraction or Abstract art:</b></u> artistic form that expresses itself by representing mostly shapes and colors. At its essence this art form tries to avoid representing any object from the real world.</li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Aleatoric music:</u></b> music in which some parts of it are left to chance. In this genre, the performers are given some instructions as to how approach randomness</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Ambitus:</u></b> Refers to the actual ranger of a melodic segment. Not to be confused with register which refers to the total range of an instrument&nbsp;</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Atonilism:</u></b> or atonal music. Music that does not concern itself with the restraints of tonality.&nbsp;</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Cluster:</u></b> a chord containing at least three adjacent notes from a scale</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Chord-tones:</u></b> (or harmonic tones) Note that belongs to the chord. Can be referred to as consonance.</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Chromatic interval:</u></b> two notes separated by a semi-tone.</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Consonance and dissonance:</u></b> con-sonance [sounding together] &nbsp; / &nbsp;dis-sonance &nbsp; [not agreeing in sound] &nbsp; &nbsp;a cultural construct that differentiates pleasant intervals/chords from unpleasant ones.&nbsp;</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Countermelody:</u></b> a secondary melody played in counterpoint with the primary melody</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Diatonic Interval:</u></b>&nbsp;dia-tonic – [through the tone]. Refers to any interval between two notes belonging to the same scale (or mode)</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Figurativism</u></b>: artistic form that express itself by representing objects from the reality in partial forms. It can be a deformed expression of reality but it’s broadly speaking a subjective interpretation of the object. Since it’s attached to objects from the real world it can not technically be abstract in nature.&nbsp;</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Incipit:</u></b> beginning sequence of notes in a musical phrase.</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Mode:</u></b> equivalent to a scale, but attach its meaning to a cultural context. It is usually implied that a mode involves specific melody types and express specific colors or moods. &nbsp;The term has been used for more than a millennium in western music and it’s understanding has evolved over time, making a contemporary definition confusing.&nbsp;</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Non-chord tones:</u></b> (or non harmonic tones) a note that doesn’t belong to the chord structure. There are nine commonly described types of non-chord tones: Anticipation, Escape tone, Passing tone, Neighbor tone, Suspension, Appoggiatura, Changing tones, Non harmonic bass, Pedal point.</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Modulation:</u></b> process of changing from one key to another. It usually involves a pivot chord, but it’s not always necessary.&nbsp;</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Ostinato:</u></b> a constantly repeating motif</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Polytonality:</u></b>&nbsp;(or polyharmony)is the use of musical material belonging to different keys simultaneously.&nbsp;</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Register:</u></b> The total range of a given instrument (or vocalist). Not to confuse with 'Ambitus'</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Scale:</u></b> an ordered set of pitches where notes are organized in ascending or descending order. In western music it is strongly attached to the concept of tonality.&nbsp;</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Scale Degrees:</u></b> position of a note in a scale. Traditionally identified by a Roman numeral and/or a name as follow: I- Tonic, II- Supertonic, III- Mediant, IV- Subdominant, V- Dominant, VI- Submediant, VII- Leading tone.</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Serialism:</u></b> method of composition that exclusively uses a repeated series of pitches.&nbsp;</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Spectral music:</u></b> a sub-genre of electro-acoustic music that concerns itself in the manipulation of the spectral features of a sound. In film music it could be considered &nbsp;a part of sound design, but the access to powerful modern plugins have made it more accessible for composers to practice as a musical form.&nbsp;</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Symmetrical scales:</u></b> there are a total 35 symmetrical scales. None of them are heptatonic (7 notes scales). The most commonly used are: 1- the chromatic scale (12 notes) 2-the whole tone scale (6 notes) 3- the diminished scales (8 notes – 2 types)</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Texture:</u></b> how music elements (rhythmic, melodic and harmonic) are combined in a composition. &nbsp;The quality of a texture is usually described in terms of density (or layers) and range (or width). A musical piece can be segmented in the following elements: primary melody (PM), secondary melody (SM), parallel supporting melody (PSM), static support (SS), harmonic support (HS), rhythmic support (RS), and harmonic and rhythmic support (HRS). How those elements relate to each other will define the type of texture. We traditionally use six classifications: Monophonic, Biphonic, Polyphonic (or Contrapuntal), Homophonic, Homorhythmic and &nbsp;Heterophonic.&nbsp;</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Tonality:</u></b> Hierarchical relationships of notes that define a central tone as being the most important – usually referred to as the key or tonic.&nbsp;</span></li><li><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Triad:</u></b> a set of three notes distant of a third with each other.</span></li></ul><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><div><br></div>',
		'es_version' => '<ul><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><u><b>Abstracción o arte abstracto:</b></u> forma artística que se expresa representando principalmente formas y colores. En esencia, esta forma de arte trata de evitar representar cualquier objeto del mundo real.</span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><u><b>Música aleatoria:</b></u> música en la que algunas partes se dejan al azar. En este género, los artistas reciben algunas instrucciones sobre cómo abordar la aleatoriedad</span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b>Ambitus:</b> </span>se refiere al rango real de un segmento melódico. No debe confundirse con el registro que se refiere al rango total de un instrumento.</span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><u><b>Atonalismo: o música atonal.</b></u> Música que no se ocupa de las restricciones de la tonalidad.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"></span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><u><b>Cluster:</b></u></span> un acorde que contiene al menos tres notas adyacentes de una escala.</span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><b><u><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;">T</span></u></b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>onos de acordes: (o tonos armónicos):</u></b> Nota que pertenece al acorde. Puede ser referido como consonancia.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><u><b>Intervalo cromático:</b></u> dos notas separadas por un semitono.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Consonancia y disonancia: </u></b>consonancia [sonando juntos] / disonancia [no coincidiendo en sonido] una construcción cultural que diferencia los intervalos / acordes agradables de los desagradables.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Contramelodía:</u></b> una melodía secundaria que se reproduce en contrapunto con la melodía primaria.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><b><u>Intervalo diatónico:</u></b> dia-tónico - [a través del tono]. Se refiere a cualquier intervalo entre dos notas pertenecientes a la misma escala (o modo)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"></span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><u><b>Figurativismo:</b> </u>forma artística que se expresa representando objetos de la realidad en formas parciales. Puede ser una expresión deformada de la realidad, pero en términos generales es una interpretación subjetiva del objeto. Dado que está unido a objetos del mundo real, técnicamente no puede ser de naturaleza abstracta.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><u><b>Incipit:</b></u> </span>secuencia inicial de notas en una frase musical.</span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><u><b>Modo:</b></u> equivalente a una escala, pero atribuye su significado a un contexto cultural. Por lo general, se implica que un modo involucra tipos de melodía específicos y expresan colores o estados de ánimo específicos. El término se ha utilizado durante más de un milenio en la música occidental y su comprensión ha evolucionado con el tiempo, lo que confunde una definición contemporánea.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Tonos que no forman&nbsp; parte del acorde:</u></b> (o tonos no armónicos) una nota que no pertenece a la estructura de acordes. Hay nueve tipos comúnmente descritos: anticipación, nota de escape, nota de paso, nota vecina, suspensión, appoggiatura, notas cambiantes, bajo no armónico, nota de pedal.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><u><b>Modulación:</b></u> proceso de cambio de una clave a otra. Por lo general, implica un acorde de pivote, pero no siempre es necesario.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><u><b>Ostinato</b></u>: un motivo que se repite constantemente<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"></span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><u><b>Politonalidad</b></u>: (o poliarmonía) es el uso de material musical que pertenece a diferentes tonalidades simultáneamente.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><br></span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><b><u>Registro</u></b>: el rango total de un instrumento (o vocalista) dado. No confundir con 'Ambitus'<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"></span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><u><b>Escala</b></u>: un conjunto ordenado de tonos donde las notas se organizan en orden ascendente o descendente. En la música occidental está fuertemente apegado al concepto de tonalidad.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"></span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><u><b>Grados de escala:</b></u> posición de una nota en una escala. Tradicionalmente identificado por un número romano y / o un nombre como sigue: I- Tónica, II- Supertónica, III- Mediante, IV- Subdominante, V- Dominante, VI- Submediante, VII- Sensible.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;<u><b>Serialismo:</b></u> método de composición que utiliza exclusivamente una serie repetida de tonos.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"></span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Música espectral:</u></b> un subgénero de la música electroacústica que se ocupa de la manipulación de las características espectrales de un sonido. En la música de cine, podría considerarse una parte del diseño de sonido, pero el acceso a complementos modernos y potentes ha hecho que sea más accesible para que los compositores practiquen como una forma musical.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Escalas simétricas:</u></b> hay un total de 35 escalas simétricas. Ninguna de ellas es heptatónico (escalas de 7 notas). Los más utilizados son: 1- la escala cromática (12 notas) 2- la escala de tonos enteros (6 notas) 3- las escalas disminuidas (8 notas - 2 tipos)</span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Textura:</u></b> cómo los elementos musicales (rítmicos, melódicos y armónicos) se combinan en una composición. La calidad de una textura generalmente se describe en términos de densidad (o capas) y rango (o ancho). Una pieza musical puede segmentarse en los siguientes elementos: melodía primaria (PM), melodía secundaria (SM), melodía de soporte paralela (PSM), soporte estático (SS), soporte armónico (HS), soporte rítmico (RS) y soporte rítmico armónico (HRS). La forma en que esos elementos se relacionan entre sí definirá el tipo de textura. Tradicionalmente utilizamos seis clasificaciones: monofónicas, bifónicas, polifónicas (o contrapuntística), homofónicas, homorítmicas y heterofónicas.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"><b><u>Tonalidad</u></b>: relaciones jerárquicas de notas que definen un tono central como el más importante, generalmente denominado tonalidad o tónica.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><u><b>Tríada:</b></u> un conjunto de tres notas distantes separadas por terceras entre sí.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;"></span></span></li></ul><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><div><br></div>',
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